The science, which deals with the occurrence, distribution and disposal of water on the planet earth.
a. Hydrology
b. Hydrometeorology
c. Geology
d. Hydrogeology
Answer: a. Hydrology
It is the vertical and horizontal movement of water as either vapor, liquid, or solid between the earth’s surface, subsurface, atmosphere, and oceans.
a. Water Cycle
b. Water Transfer Cycle
c. Hydrologic Cycle
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
It is the lateral movement of water in the soil.
a. Seepage
b. Infiltration
c. Percolation
d. Runoff
Answer: a. Seepage
In which phases in the hydrologic cycle has the highest residence time of water
a. Antarctic ice
b. Groundwater
c. Glaciers d. Ocean
e. Atmospheric water
Answer: b. Groundwater
Percentage of earth covered by oceans is
a. 31%
b. 51%
c. 71%
d. 97%
Answer: c. 71%
Percentage of total quantity of water in the world that is saline is about
a. 71%
b. 33%
c. 67%
d. 97%
Answer: d. 97%
In the hydrological cycle the average residence time of water in the global is?
a. Atmospheric moisture is larger than that in global rivers
b. Oceans is smaller than that of the global groundwater
c. Rivers is larger than that of the global groundwater
d. Oceans is larger than that of the global ground water
Answer: b. Oceans is smaller than that of the global groundwater
An area that topographically appears to contribute all the water that passes through a specified cross section of a stream (the outlet).
a. Watershed
b. Catchment area
c. Drainage basin
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Portion of the precipitation that makes way towards stream channels, lakes, oceans as surface or subsurface flow.
a. Streamflow
b. Runoff
c. Infiltration
d. Seepage
Answer: b. Runoff
Base flow is also called as
a. Groundwater flow
b. Interflow
c. Overland flow
d. Superfluous water
Answer: a. Groundwater flow
It provides the relationship between stream stage and discharge.
a. Stage
b. Hydrograph
c. Rating curve
d. Unit hydrograph
Answer: c. Rating curve
In a watershed,
a. Faster peak flows occur in flat watershed than in steep watershed.
b. Faster time to peak flows occur in an elongated watershed than circular watershed.
c. Longer time to peak flows occur in watershed with dense drainage than in less dense drainage.
d. Larger watershed produces larger runoff than smaller watershed.
Answer: d. Larger watershed produces larger runoff than smaller watershed.
A graduated scale placed in a position so that the stage of a stream may be read directly there from.
a. Staff gauge
b. Current meter
c. Wire-weight gauge
d. Measuring stick
Answer: a. Staff gauge
Graphical representation of runoff rate over time.
a. Unit hydrograph
b. Rating curve
c. Log-probability graph
d. Hydrograph
Answer: d. Hydrograph
Hydrograph was made of _________________.
a. Direct runoff only
b. Overland flow, interflow and base flow
c. Interflow and base flow
d. Direct runoff and interflow
Answer: b. Overland flow, interflow and base flow
Direct runoff hydrograph from a unit excess precipitation that occurs uniformly over a basin.
a. Streamflow hydrograph
b. Total hydrograph
c. Unit hydrograph
d. Hydrograph
Answer: c. Unit hydrograph
Unit hydrograph is made of ____.
a. Direct runoff only
b. Overland flow, interflow and base flow
c. Interflow and base flow
d. Direct runoff and interflow
Answer: a. Direct runoff only
A chart or function describing the temporal distribution of precipitation during a storm event, at a point, or over an area.
a. Hyetograph
b. Hydrograph
c. Hodograph
d. None of the above
Answer: a. Hyetograph
The science and practice of water flow measurement is ____.
a. Hypsometry
b. Fluvimetry
c. Hydro-meteorology
d. Hydrometry
Answer: d. Hydrometry
The following is not a direct stream flow determination technique
a. Dilution method
b. Ultrasonic method
c. Area-velocity method
d. Slope-area method
Answer: d. Slope-area method
Direct runoff is composed of ____.
a. Surface runoff, prompt interflow and channel precipitation
b. Surface runoff, infiltration and evapotranspiration
c. Overland flow and infiltration
d. Rainfall and evaporation
Answer: a. Surface runoff, prompt interflow and channel precipitation
The term base flow denotes ___.
a. Delayed groundwater flow reaching a stream
b. Delayed groundwater flow and snowmelt reaching a stream
c. Delayed groundwater and interflow
d. Annual minimum flow in a stream
Answer: a. Delayed groundwater flow reaching a stream
An intermittent stream ___.
a. Has water table above the stream bed through out the year
b. Has only flash flows in response to storms
c. Has flows in the stream during wet season due to contribution of groundwater
d. Does not have any contribution of groundwater at any time
Answer: c. Has flows in the stream during wet season due to contribution of groundwater
For a given storm, assuming other factors remain constant
a. Basin having low drainage density give smaller peaks in flood hydrograph
b. Basin with large drainage densities give smaller flood peaks
c. Low drainage density basins give shorter time bases of hydrograph
d. Flood peak is independent of the drainage density
Answer: a. Basin having low drainage density give smaller peaks in flood hydrograph
A unit hydrograph has one unit of
a. Peak discharge
b. Direct runoff
c. Rainfall duration
d. Time base of direct runoff
Answer: b. Direct runoff
Groundwater is also known as
a. Water table
b. Saturated zone
c. Vadose zone
d. Phreatic water
Answer: d. Phreatic water
A rise in a liquid above the level of zero pressure due to a net upward force produced by the attraction of the water molecules to a solid surface.
a. Surface tension
b. Capillary rise
c. Upwelling
d. Down welling
Answer: b. Capillary rise
A water bearing geologic formation or stratum capable of transmitting water through its pores at a rate sufficient for economic extraction by wells.
a. Aquiclude
b. Aquifer
c. Aquifuge
d. Aquitard
Answer: b. Aquifer
Geologic formation arranged in decreasing economic considerations.
a. Aquifer, Aquiclude, Aquitard, Aquifuge
b. Aquifer, Aquitard, Aquiclude, Aquifuge
c. Aquifer, Aquifuge, Aquiclude, Aquitard
d. Aquifuge, Aquiclude, Aquitard, Aquifer
Answer: a. Aquifer, Aquiclude, Aquitard, Aquifuge
Well drilled into an artesian aquifer and water rises above the ground like a spring.
a. Free flowing well
b. Non-free flowing well
c. Water table wells
d. Shallow well
Answer: a. Free flowing well
Measures the water bearing capacity of a geologic formation.
a. Porosity
b. Void ratio
c. Specific retention
d. Specific yield
Answer: a. Porosity
The percentage volume of water of an aquifer, which will not drain by gravity.
a. Specific retention
b. Specific yield
c. Storage coefficient
d. Transmissibility
Answer: a. Specific retention
It is the volume of water that an aquifer releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of aquifer per unit change in the component of head normal to that surface
a. Specific retention
b. Specific yield
c. Storage coefficient
d. Transmissibility
Answer: c. Storage coefficient
A stream that provides water to the water table is termed
a. Affluent
b. Influent
c. Ephemeral
d. Effluent
Answer: b. Influent
Surface joining the static water levels in several wells penetrating a confined aquifer
a. Water table surface
b. Piezometric surface
c. Capilliary fringe
d. Cone of depression
Answer: b. Piezometric surface
Flowing artesian wells are expected in areas where
a. Water table is very close to the land surface
b. Aquifer is confined
c. Elevation of the piezometric head line is above the elevation of the ground surface
d. The rainfall is intense
Answer: c. Elevation of the piezometric head line is above the elevation of the ground surface
Water present in artesian aquifer is usually
a. At sub atmospheric pressure
b. At atmospheric pressure
c. At 0.5 times the atmospheric pressure
d. Above atmospheric pressure
Answer: d. Above atmospheric pressure
The volume of water that can be extracted by force of gravity from a unit volume of aquifer material is called
a. Specific retention
b. Specific storage
c. Specific yield
d. Specific capacity
Answer: c. Specific yield
Which pair of terms used in groundwater hydrology are not synonymous?
a. Permeability and hydraulic conductivity
b. Actual velocity of flow and discharge velocity
c. Water table aquifer and unconfined aquifer
d. Storage coefficient and storativity
Answer: b. Actual velocity of flow and discharge velocity
Darcy’s law is valid in porous media flow if the Reynolds number is less than unity. This Reynolds number is defined as
a. (discharge velocity x maximum grain size)/μ
b. (actual velocity x average grain size)/μ
c. (discharge velocity x average grain size)/μ
d. (discharge velocity x pore size)/μ
Answer: c. (discharge velocity x average grain size)/μ
It is the flow capacity of an aquifer per unit width under unit hydraulic gradient and is equal to the product of permeability times the saturated thickness of the aquifer.
a. Specific retention
b. Specific yield
c. Storage capacity
d. Transmissibility
Answer: d. Transmissibility
Maximum sustained winds are
a. 10-min average of wind measured 10m above the ground
b. 3-sec average of wind measured 10m above the ground
c. 10-min average of wind measured 2m above the ground
d. 3-min average of wind measured 2m above the ground
Answer: a. 10-min average of wind measured 10m above the ground
Specific capacity of a well is the
a. Volume of water that can be extracted by the force of gravity from unit volume of aquifer
b. Discharge per unit drawdown at the well
c. Drawdown per unit discharge of the well
d. Rate of flow through a unit width and entire thickness of the aquifer
Answer: b. Discharge per unit drawdown at the well
Maximum head of shallow wells,
a. 6m
b. 12m
c. 18m
d. 15m
Answer: a. 6m
It is the overall instantaneous condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time
a. Climate
b. Climatology
c. Weather
d. Hydrometeorology
Answer: c. Weather
Layer of the atmosphere where all weather occurs
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Thermosphere
Answer: a. Troposphere
Temperature at which saturation occurs
a. Dew point
b. Dry-bulb
c. Wet bulb
d. Average
Answer: a. Dew point
Light steady rain in fine drops that are < 0.5 mm in size and intensity of <1 mm/hr.
a. Drizzle
b. Hail
c. Dew
d. Rain
Answer: a. Drizzle
A tropical cyclone is a
a. low-pressure area that occurs in the northern hemisphere only
b. High-pressure area with high winds
c. Zone of low pressure area with clockwise winds in the northern hemisphere
d. Zone of low pressure area with anticlockwise winds in the northern hemisphere
Answer: d. Zone of low pressure area with anticlockwise winds in the northern hemisphere
Orographic precipitation occurs due to air masses being lifted to higher altitudes by
a. Density difference of air masses
b. A front action
c. The presence of mountain barriers
d. Extratropical cyclones
Answer: c. The presence of mountain barriers
Total water lost from a cropped (or irrigated) land due to evaporation from the soil and transpiration by the plants or used by the plants in building up of plant tissue.
a. Evapotranspiration
b. Consumptive use
c. Evaporation
d. A and B
Answer: d. A and B
The recommended standard method for the definition and computation of the reference evapotranspiration.
a. Blaney-criddle
b. Modified penman
c. FAO Penman-Monteith
d. Hargreaves
Answer: c. FAO Penman-Monteith
Data compilation method for frequency analysis where all values above a given base are chosen regardless of the number within a given period.
a. Partial duration series
b. Annual maximum series
c. Series of data with baseline
d. A and B
Answer: a. Partial duration series
It is the average interval of time within the magnitude of given event will be equaled or exceeded at least on the average.
a. Payback period
b. Probability of return
c. Time of return
d. Return period
Answer: d. Return period
PAGASA raises a Yellow Rainfall Warning if the observed rainfall is ____________ .
a. 7.5mm – 15mm within 1 hr
b. 15mm – 30mm within 1 hr
c. More than 30mm within 1hr
d. More than 60mm for the past 3 hrs
Answer: a. 7.5mm – 15mm within 1 hr
Ombrometer is
a. Rain gauge that measures very small amounts of precipitation
b. Device that measures rainfall intensity
c. Device that measures rainfall rate
d. Measures temperature
Answer: a. Rain gauge that measures very small amounts of precipitation
The greatest distance at which an observer can see and identify prominent objects.
a. Horizontal visibility
b. Clouds
c. Fog
d. Dew
Answer: a. Horizontal visibility
Air in motion relative to the earth’s surface
a. Front
b. Storm
c. Turbulence
d. Wind
Answer: d. Wind
Wind speed is measured using
a. Thermometer
b. Pluviometer
c. Anemometer
d. Barometer
Answer: c. Anemometer
Hygrometer is ______.
a. Any device use to measure the vapor content of the atmosphere
b. Use to measure the amount of discharge in a stream
c. Any device use to measure solar radiant energy
d. Device use to measure atmospheric pressure
Answer: a. Any device use to measure the vapor content of the atmosphere
In synoptic weather stations, wind vector is measured _____ above the ground surface.
a. 2m
b. 5m
c. 1m
d. 10m
Answer: d. 10m
Rain bearing clouds.
a. Cumulonimbus
b. Nimbostratus
c. Altostratus
d. A and B
Answer: d. A and B
General name for any instrument used to measure the intensity of radiant energy from the sun,
a. Actinometer
b. Hydrometer
c. Psychrometer
d. Photometer
Answer: a. Actinometer
Lead time for a TCWS # 5 is ____________ .
a. 36hrs
b. 24hrs
c. 18hrs
d. 12hrs
Answer: d. 12hrs
The ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air to the mass of dry air.
a. Relative humidity
b. Mixing ratio
c. Absolute humidity
d. Specific humidity
Answer: b. Mixing ratio
In calculating ET using FAO Penman-Monteith model, wind speed measurement should be taken _______above the ground.
a. 10 m
b. 1 m
c. 2 m
d. 5 m
Answer: c. 2 m
The envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet’s gravitational attraction.
a. Atmosphere
b. Clouds
c. Troposphere
d. Air
Answer: a. Atmosphere
Transition zone between two distinct air masses.
a. Ridge
b. Divide
c. Tropopause
d. Front
Answer: d. Front
At 20°C, the required amount of energy to vaporize 1kg of water is ______.
a. 1 KJ
b. 2.45 KJ
c. 10.5 KJ
d. 5 KJ
Answer: b. 2.45 KJ
Term synonymous to return period.
a. Recurrence interval
b. Probability of return
c. Time of return
d. Payback time
Answer: a. Recurrence interval
Rainfall reading of less than one-hundredth of an inch (0.01 in) or one-tenth of a millimeter (0.1mm).
a. Hourly rainfall
b. Daily rainfall
c. Trace
d. Sleet
Answer: c. Trace
An increase in air temperature with height.
a. Lapse rate
b. Inversion
c. A and B
d. None of the above
Answer: b. Inversion
A line that connects points of equal elevation above a reference level, most often sea level.
a. Isohyet
b. Isobar
c. Contour
d. Streamline
Answer: c. Contour
The process of water lost from adjacent soil, water surfaces and leaf surfaces.
a. Evaporation
b. Transpiration
c. Evapotranspiration
d. All of the above
Answer: a. Evaporation
Evaporation gauge is synonymous to ___.
a. Atmometer
b. Evaporimeter
c. Atmidometer
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
The moisture content of the soil when the gravitational water has been removed.
a. Available water
b. Field capacity
c. Permanent wilting point
d. Readily available moisture
Answer: b. Field capacity
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